I propose to study the impact of honey bee introductions on the pollination and reproduction of native plants in the Tahoe National Forest, an area honey bees are already spilling into from nearby privately-owned land. Specifically, I will investigate how honey bee abundance alters interactions between native plants and native pollinators, and study the direct and indirect pathways through which honey bees affect native plant pollination and reproduction. I will conduct this work at 12 meadows, one of which is on Sagehen Reserve property (the meadow behind Sagehen campground). I hope to lodge two field assistants and myself at the field station.

Approved